UNIT 1
Companies
Joint-stock company p.7 (adj) : a business which is owned by the group of people who have shares in the company
Shareholder p.7 (n) : a person who owns some of the equal parts into which the ownership of a company is divided
Multinational p.7 (adj) : involving several different countries, or (of a business) producing and selling goods in several different countries
Subsidiaries p.7 (n) : describes something less important than something else with which it is connected
Assets p.7 (n) : buildings, equipment and land owned by a company
an occasion or situation which makes it possible to do something that you want to do or have to do, or the possibility of doing something threat (n): a suggestion that something unpleasant or violent will happen, especially if a particular action or order is not followed
objectives (n): something which you plan to do or achieve
resource (n): a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country, organization or person
p.24
weakness (n): when someone or something is not strong or powerful
p.25
potential (adj): possible when the necessary conditions exist
diverse (adj): varied or different
leader (n): a person in control of a group, country or situation
trend (n): a new development in clothing, make-up, etc.
founder (n):someone who establishes an organization
UNIT 6
MARKETING
p.50
brand (n) : a type of product made by a particular company
promotion (n) : activities to advertise something
p.51
manipulate (v) :to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly
corrupt (adj) : dishonestly using your position or power to your own advantage, especially for money
global (adj) : relating to the whole world
value (n) : the amount of money which can be received for something
profit (n) : money which is earned in trade or business, especially after paying the costs of producing and selling goods and services
aspiriation (n) : something that you hope to achieve
quality (n) : how good or bad something is
advertisement (n) : a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to buy a product or service
compete (v) : to try to be more successful than someone or something else
consume (v) : to use fuel, energy or time, especially in large amounts
bobard (v) : to attack a place with continuous shooting or bombs
commercial (adj) : related to buying and selling things
pitch (n) : an area painted with lines for playing particular sports, especially football
valuable (adj) : worth a lot of money
Merger p.7 (n) : when two or more companies join together
Acquisition p.7 (n) : something such as a building, another company, or a piece of land that is bought by a company, or the act of buying it
Dotcom companies p.7 (adj) : a company that does most of its business on the Internet
Entrepreneurs p.7 (n) : someone who starts their own business, especially when this involves seeing a new opportunity
Industrial p.9 (n) : in or related to industry, or having a lot of industry and factories
Stability p.9 (n) : when something is not likely to move or change
Hierarchical p.9 (n) : a system in which people or things are arranged according to their importance
Freelance workers p.9 (adj) : doing particular pieces of work for different organizations, rather than working all the time for a single organization
Consumers p.9 (n) : a person who buys goods or services for their own use
market (n): the business or trade in a particular product, including financial products
competition (n): when someone is trying to win something or be more successful than someone else
competition (n): when someone is trying to win something or be more successful than someone else
Journal 4 (Unit 6)
Outsourcing (v) : If a company outsources, it pays to have part of its work done by another company
Globalisation (n) : the increase of trade around the world, especially by large companies producing and trading goods in many different countries
Cost savings (n) : the fact of saving money, or of spending less money than was planned
Offshoring (n) : the practice of paying someone in another country to do part of a company's work
Back office (n) : the part of a company that does not deal directly with customers
Facilities (n) : a place, especially including buildings, where a particular activity happens
Labour (n) : practical work, especially that which involves physical effort
Redundant (adj) : having lost your job because your employer no longer needs you
Layoffs (n) : when someone stops employing someone, sometimes temporarily, because there is no money to pay them or because there is no work for them
White-collar work (adj) : relating to people who work in offices, doing work that needs mental rather than physical effort
Immigrants (n) : a person who has come to a different country in order to live there permanently
Surplus (n/adj) : (an amount which is) more than is needed
Expand (v) : to increase in size, number or importance, or to make something increase in this way
Goods (n) : food, such as coffee and flour, that is solid and dry
Services (n) : the part of an organization which answers customers' questions, exchanges goods which have been damaged, etc.
Layoffs (n) : when someone stops employing someone, sometimes temporarily, because there is no money to pay them or because there is no work for them
Backlash (n) : a strong feeling among a group of people in reaction to a change or recent events in society or politicsopportunity (n):
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